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maqamat maqamat is a form of classical Arabic music singing, or \t\tar-rukn which translates to "grammar." There are two major types of \t\tmaqamat: maqam al dabt, or monodic singing, and maqam al tabl, which requires a chorus. The term itself comes from the singer's placement "above" the tabl , meaning he sings with continuity simultaneously with other singers in unison. In Arabic, the word "al-maqam" means both a musical mode and a melodic structure. The major maqamat are performed with the modal melodies in addition to rhythmic accompaniment. The most common instruments played with maqamat are the ud, the \t\ttarabukkah, and the nay. There are fifteen major Maqamat; each is named after a city or region from which its associated mode is said to have originated. Each maqamat is a collection of characteristic melodic structures that a particular Arab region is associated with. The compositions in these maqamat were written in the classical Arab music style called "mashrafiyyah," or "improvised composition." Maqamat are used in several different types of Arabic music such as:Famous singers of maqamat include Umm Kulthum, Farid al-Atrache, and Mohammed Abdul Wahhab. The word "maqam" itself comes from the Arabic root Q-M-M which means location or place. The first and second members of the term q-m-m indicate the three locations: the first member meaning the melody and its perfect consonant, and two other meanings: first, an agent of movement or mechanism used in classical Arabic poetry; and second, a location. The third member indicates that maqam is a melodic structure as well as a melodic mode. The maqam has three main modal categories: "al-'ud", "al-'aqāf", and "al-'imrāʾ". The al-'ud refers to those maqamat which are associated with improvised singing or singing with no set patterns of note distribution. The al-'aqāf indicates those maqamat which must follow a certain type of order and pattern of note distribution, and the al-'imrāʾ refers to those maqamat which can use either of the first two structures. Each maqam is associated with an Arab region or city, and sometimes with a specific neighborhood within that city (for example, the Maqam Hawaryah is associated with the neighborhood of Hawaryah). The original location for many of these maqams is Iraq; some originated in Egypt. There are fifteen major Maqamat; each is named after a city or region from which its associated mode is said to have originated (e.g. cfa1e77820
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